دسترسی فرامرزی به دادههای رایانه ای

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، اصفهان (خوراسگان)، ایران

2 گروه حقوق،دانشکده علوم انسانی و حقوق - دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی - اصفهان (خوراسگان) - اصفهان- ایران

چکیده

داده های رایانه ای فارغ از مرزهای ملی در فضای سایبری سیالند. در بسیاری از موارد دادههای مربوط به جرم که در واقع ادلۀ الکترونیکی جرم هستند در قلمروی سرزمینی دولت تعقیب‌کنندۀ جرم قابل دسترسی نمی‎باشند. موفقیت مأموران تحقیق در تعقیب بسیاری از جرایم مستلزم دسترسی آنان به داده های فرامرزی می‌باشد. این دسترسی سنتاً از طریق معاضدات قضایی دو جانبه و بر مبنای جلب رضایت دولت محل ذخیرۀ دادهها صورت می‎گیرد. چنین رویکردی در مطابقت با اصل حاکمیت سرزمینی قرار دارد اما تأمین‌کنندۀ سرعت عملی که لازمۀ جمع آوری ادلۀ الکترونیکی میباشد نیست. امروزه بسیاری از دولتها به صورت مستقیم و بدون جلب موافقت دولت محل ذخیرۀ دادهها به آنها دسترسی مییابند. برخی از چارچوبهای بینالمللی نیز دسترسی فرامرزی مستقیم به دادهها را تحت شرایطی پذیرفتهاند. با این حال هیچ رویکرد بینالمللی واحدی در رابطه با دسترسی فرامرزی به دادهها وجود ندارد. هر یک از روشهای دسترسی فرامرزی به دادهها دارای مزایا و معایبی هستند که بایستی در ایجاد چارچوبهای بینالمللی جدید مورد توجه دولتها قرار گیرند.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Trans border Access to Computer Data

نویسندگان [English]

  • Toghan Nezami Narjabad 1
  • Leila Raisi Dozaki 2
1 Islamic Azad University, Isfahan (Khorasgan), Iran
2 Department of Law, Faculty of Humanities and Law, Islamic Azad University, Isfahan (Khorasgan), Iran
چکیده [English]

Computer data is flowing in cyber space regardless the national borders. In many cases data related to crimes as electronic evidence is not accessible in territory of crime prosecuting state. In these cases, success in prosecuting the crimes requires the access of trans-border data related the crime. Traditionally this access is possible through mutual legal assistance between states based on acquiring consent of the state where the data is stored. This approach is leaded by territorial sovereignty principle but is not preparing the enough speed for gathering electronic evidence. Nowadays states access the data directly and without acquiring consent of the state where data is stored. This direct access to data has been accepted by some of the international frameworks in specific conditions. In spite of this, there is not international unique method for accessing to trans-national data. Each of the trans-border access methods has advantages and disadvantages which should be considered in initiating a new international frame by states.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Computer data
  • Electronic evidence
  • Trans-border access
  • Mutual legal assistance
  • Budapest convention
کتابها
1- Gercke, M. Understanding Cybercrime: Phenomena, Challenge and Legal Response. First Ed. Vienna: International Telecommunication Union, 2012.
2- Nadelmann, Ethan A.  Cops Across Borders: The Internationalization of U.S. Criminal Law Enforcement. First Ed. Pennsylvania: Penn State University Press, 1993.
3- United Nation Office of Drugs and Crime. Comprehensive Study on Cybercrime. First Ed.Vienna: UNODC Publications, 2012.
4- Walden, I. Accessing Data in the Cloud: The Long Arm of the Law Enforcement Agentin: Privacy and Security for Cloud Computing, Edited by Siani Pearson. First Ed. New York: Springer.
5- Walden, I. Computer Crimes and Digital Investigations. Second Ed. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2007.
 
مقالات
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3- Kerr, O. S., “Fourth Amendment Seizures of Computer Data,” Yale Law Journal 119, 2010
4- O’Floinn, M., “It Wasn’t All White Light before Prism: Law Enforcement Practices in Gathering Data Abroad, and Proposals for Further Transnational Access at the Council of Europe,” Computer Law & Security Review 29, 2013.
5- Seitz, N., “Transborder Search: A New Perspective in Law Enforcement,” Yale Journal of Law and Technology 7, 2004.
6- Trudel, P., “Jurisdiction over the Internet: A Canadian Perspective,” The International Lawyer 32, 1998.
 
منابع الکترونیک
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8- Peterson, Z.N.J., and Gondree, M., and Beverly, R., 2011. A Position Paper on Data Sovereignty: The Importance of Geolocating Data in the Cloud, Usenix (June 2011), available at: https://www.usenix.org/legacy/events/hotcloud11/tech/final_files/Peterson.pdf  (last visited on 11/10/2018).
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پرونده‎ها
The Case of the S.S. Lotus, Fr. v. Turk, 1927 P.C.I.J. Reports, ser. A, No. 10, at 4 (Decision No. 9)