The cadastre system, as one of the foundational infrastructures for property registration and land management, can play a pivotal role in realizing certain fundamental human rights and enhancing indicators of good governance. The central question of this article is: what impacts does the cadastre have on guaranteeing and fulfilling human rights—particularly the right to property, legal security, and sustainable development—and how can it contribute to strengthening the elements of good governance in Iran? This article employs a descriptive-analytical method, relying on library-based data collection, and draws upon domestic legal sources and international instruments to examine the relationship between the cadastre system, human rights, and good governance. In this regard, the role of the Iranian Organization for Registration of Deeds and Properties is also analyzed within the framework of its legal responsibilities. The findings of the research indicate that the establishment of an efficient and multipurpose cadastre system—through the creation of an integrated information database—by enhancing transparency in ownership, reducing land disputes, and facilitating access to accurate information, not only strengthens the right to property, legal security of citizens, and access to social justice, but also contributes to the realization of sustainable development goals and the promotion of good governance components such as accountability, transparency, and the rule of law. However, the lack of thorough legal analyses in cadastre-related policymaking in Iran constitutes a serious obstacle to fully leveraging its capacities in support of human rights. In conclusion, the article offers recommendations for reforming the legal framework, improving the performance of the Organization for Registration of Deeds and Properties, and strengthening the linkage between the cadastre and human rights.