Ph.D. Candidate of International Law, Shahid Beheshti University
10.22034/jlr.2021.185283.1706
Abstract
The CAS which was established by the International Olympic Committee with the idea of becoming the “Hague Court for Sport” in 1984, is now around 600 cases per year. As its founders had intended, CAS has gone through the path of becoming a global institution, the judgments of which the international community of sport can rely on. The structure and rules of proceedings of the CAS has been amended several times during the past 4 decades of its existence, nonetheless, issues related to the principle of fair trial, including compulsory jurisdiction of the CAS, holding proceedings in public and most importantly independence and impartiality has always been amongst the challenges confronted by the CAS. By briefly addressing the basis of the need to apply the procedural safeguards by the Court of Arbitration for Sports in its proceedings, this essay analyzes the extent to which these safeguards are applied by the Court and concludes that there exists serious shortcomings with regards to the application of these rights by the Court.
Arroyo, Manuel, Arbitration in Switzerland - The Practitioner’s Guide, 2nd Edtition, Alphen aan den Rijn: Wolters Kluwer, 2018.
Harris, David J et al., Law of the European Convention on Human Rights, 2nd Edition, New York: OUP, 2009.
Lindholm, Johan, The Court of Arbitration for Sport and its Jurisprudence: An Empirical Inquiry into Lex Sportiva, The Hague: TMC Asser Press, 2019.
Moses, Margaret L., The Principles and Practice of International Commercial Arbitration, 2nd, New York: CUP, 2012.
Nafzinger, James, International Sports Law, 2nd Edition, New York: Transnational Publishers, 2004
Rigozzi, Antonio, L’arbitrage international en matière de sport, Basel: Helbing Lichtenhahn, 2005.
Tribunal Arbitral du Sport, Conference International Droit et Sport, Lausanne: TAS, 1993.
B) Articles and Book Chapters
Amorós, Augstín and Santiago Caffa, “Enforcement of CAS Awards: A General Review of the Available Options and its Particularities”, Football Legal, 2015, pp. 138-143.
Blackshaw, Ian, “ADR and Sport: Settling Disputes Through the CAS, the FIFA Dispute Resolution Chamber, and the WIPO Arbitration & Mediation Center”, MSLR, Vol. 24, 2013, pp. 1-57.
Blackshaw, Ian, “CAS 92/A/63 GUNDEL v FEI”, in: Anderson, Jack (ed.), Leading Cases in Sports Law, The Hague: TMC Asser Press, 2013, pp. 65-74.
Besson, Sébastien, “Arbitration and Human Rights”, ASA Bulletin, Vol. 3, 2006, pp. 400-416.
Dasser, Felix and Piotr Wójtowicz, “Challenges of Swiss Arbitral Awards - Updated and Extended Statistical Data as of 2017”, ASA Bulletin, Vol. 36, 2018, pp. 276-294.
Downie, Rachelle, “Improving the Performance of Sport’s Ultimate Umpire: Reforming the Governance of the CAS”, MJIL, Vol. 12, 2011, pp. 315-344.
Hasler, Erika, “Back to the Future: The First CAS Arbitrators on CAS’s First Award and Its Evolutions Since then”, in: Duval, Antonie and Antonio Rigozzi (eds.), YISA 2016, The Hague: TMC Asser Press, 2018, pp. 3-16.
Jaksic, Aleksander, “Procedural Guarantees of Human Rights in Arbitration Proceedings: A Still Unsettled Problem?”, JIA, Vol. 24, 2007, pp. 159-172.
Kane, Darren, “Twenty Years On: An Evaluation of the Court of Arbitration for Sport”, MJIL, Vol. 4, 2003, pp. 611-635.
Kaufman, Stephen, “Issues in International Sports Arbitration”, BUILJ, Vol. 13, 1995, pp. 527-550.
Lukomski, Jan, “Arbitration Clauses in Sport Governing Bodies’ Statutes: Consent or Constraint? Analysis from the Perspective of Article 6(1) of the European Convention on Human Rights”, ISLJ, Vol. 13, 2013, pp. 60-70.
Netzle, Stephan, “Appeals against Arbitral Awards by the CAS”, CAS Bulletin 2/2011, 2011, pp. 19-25.
Poncet, Charles, “The Independence of the Court of Arbitration for Sport”, EIAR, Vol. 1, 2012, pp. 31-56.
Raber, Nancy K., “Dispute Resolution in Olympic Sport: The Court of Arbitration for Sport”, SHJSL, Vol. 8, No. 1, 1998, pp. 75-98.
Rigozzi, Antonio, “Consent in Sports Arbitration: Its Multiple Aspect”, in Geisinger, Elliot and Elena Trabaldo (eds.), Sports Arbitration: A Coach for Other Players?, New York: ASA, 2015, pp. 59-93.
Spera, Saverio, Time for Transparency at the Court of Arbitration for Sport, 31 January 2017, [ONLINE], available at https://www.asser.nl (last accessed April 2020)
Schwaar, Gilbert, “CAS”, Olympic Review, Vol. 309, 1993, p. 305.
Straubel, Michael, “Enhancing the Performance of the Doping Court: How the CAS Can Do Its Job Better”, LUCLJ, Vol. 36, No. 4, 2005, pp. 1203-1272.
C) Judgments and Awards
CAS, 2016/A/4554, 2017.
CAS, 2019/A/6148, 2020.
ECmHR, X v. Sweden, 1959.
ECmHR, Herbert Ofner and Alois Hopfinger v. Austria, 1962.
ECtHR, Golder v. the UK, 1975.
ECtHR, Campbell and Fell v. the UK, 1984.
ECtHR, Lithgow and Others v. the UK, 1986.
ECtHR, Case of De Geouffre de la Pradelle v. France, 1992
ECtHR, Osman v. the UK, 1998.
ECtHR, and P. v. The UK, 2001.
ECtHR, Hirvisaari v. Finland, 2001.
ECtHR, Kress v. France, 2001.
ECtHR, Kreuz v. Poland, 2001
ECtHR, Steel and Morris v. the UK, 2005
ECtHR, Marini v. Albania, 2008
ECtHR, Transado-Transportes Fluviais do Sado, S.A., v. Portugal, 2013
ECtHR, Suda v. Czech Republic, 2010
ECtHR, Tabbane v. Switzerland, 2016.
ECtHR, Regner v. The Czech Republic, 2017.
ECtHR, Mutu and Pechstein v. Switzerland, 2018.
ECtHR, Ramos Nunes de Carvalho e SÁ v. Portugal, 2018.
SFT, ATF 119 II 271, 1993.
SFT, ATF 129 III 445, 2003.
SFT, ATF 133 III 235, 2007.
SFT, 4A_234/2010, 2010.
SFT, 4A_612/2009, 2010.
SFT, 4A_238/2011, 2012.
SFT, 4A_246/2014, 2015.
SFT, 4A_384/2017, 2017.
SFT, 4A_432/2017, 2018.
SFT, 4A_318/2020, 2020.
D) Documents, Media Release and Websites
Agreement concerning the Constitution of the ICAS, 22 June 1994.
CAS, CAS Public Hearing - WADA v. Sun Yang & FINA, Media Release, 2019.
European Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms, 4 November 1950.
Masoudi Lamraski, A. (2022). An Essay on Access to Fair Trial Before the Court of Arbitration for Sport (CAS). Legal Research Quarterly, 25(97), 395-420. doi: 10.22034/jlr.2021.185283.1706
MLA
Masoudi Lamraski, A. . "An Essay on Access to Fair Trial Before the Court of Arbitration for Sport (CAS)", Legal Research Quarterly, 25, 97, 2022, 395-420. doi: 10.22034/jlr.2021.185283.1706
HARVARD
Masoudi Lamraski, A. (2022). 'An Essay on Access to Fair Trial Before the Court of Arbitration for Sport (CAS)', Legal Research Quarterly, 25(97), pp. 395-420. doi: 10.22034/jlr.2021.185283.1706
CHICAGO
A. Masoudi Lamraski, "An Essay on Access to Fair Trial Before the Court of Arbitration for Sport (CAS)," Legal Research Quarterly, 25 97 (2022): 395-420, doi: 10.22034/jlr.2021.185283.1706
VANCOUVER
Masoudi Lamraski, A. An Essay on Access to Fair Trial Before the Court of Arbitration for Sport (CAS). Legal Research Quarterly, 2022; 25(97): 395-420. doi: 10.22034/jlr.2021.185283.1706