Reducing the Criminal Population through Transitional Jobs and Subsidized Employment

Teimouri, Fattahe; Ashrafy, Mahmood; Heidari, Masoud

doi:10.52547/jlr.2022.228259.2277

Reducing the Criminal Population through Transitional Jobs and Subsidized Employment

Document Type : Original Article

Authors

fattahe teimouri ¹

mahmood ashrafy ²

Masoud Heidari ³

¹ PhD Candidate, Faculty of Humanities and Law, Islamic Azad University: Khorasgan Branch, Isfahan, Irany

² Assistant Professor, Faculty of Humanities and Law, Islamic Azad University: Khorasgan Branch, Isfahan, Iran. Corresponding Author Email: m.ashrafi@khuisf.ac.ir

³ .Associate Professor, Faculty of Humanities and Law, Islamic Azad University: Khorasgan Branch, Isfahan, Iran.

10.52547/jlr.2022.228259.2277

Abstract

The employment of prisoners is usually limited to the time of imprisonment, temporarily to reduce the cost of keeping prisoners, but the continuity and stability of the prisoner's job after detention period to support him and his family needs more researches. Managing the employment of prisoners during their imprisonment, examining and introducing transitional and subsidized jobs is a necessary solution to achieve this goal. This research regards the efficiency of existing methods in this field including the prisoners working requirements and the criminologists' definite recommendation to prevent recidivism and improve economic status of the society. Transitional and subsidized jobs are applied measures in this regard in some societies.This research introduces the related category of jobs and generalizes them through managing and guiding prisoners employment path before entering the prison and expands the authorities perspective.

Keywords

stable employment

readjustment

transitional jobs

Subsidized jobs

reduction of criminal population

Subjects

Criminology and Criminal Law

References

Books
1. Aashoori, Mohamad, Alternatives to prison or intermediate punishments, Tehraan: Jahesh Publishing Center, 2019. (In Persian)
2. Abooalhasani, Samaaneh, Collection of prison rules, Tehraan: Aala' Ghalam Publication, 2022. (In Persian)
3. Ayan Raas, Jafri, Richaardz, Estefan si, Convict Criminology, Translated by Hanieh Hojhabr Elsaadaati, Tehraan: Mizaan, 2019. (In Persian)
4. Boroojerdi, Hosin, Sources of Shia Jurisprudence (Comprehensive Translation of Shia Hadiths), 30, A Collective Research of Shia Philosophers, Tehran: Farhang Sabz Publication, 2007. (In Persian)
5. Emoonrei, Banjhaamen, Ejraaye, what is the impact of sentencing in closed environments on recidivism?, Translated by Ali Salimi, Rooh Aldin Kord Alivand, Handbook of Convicts Criminology, By Abbaas Shiri, Tehraan: Mizaan, 2018. (In Persian)
6. Fioonaaheinez, Raab vait, Crime and criminology, Translated by Ali Salimi, Qom: Research Institute of Howzeh and University, 2019. (In Persian)
7. Gholaami, Ali, Peymaan Hasni, Strategies to reduce prison population, Tehran: Mizan, 2017. (In Persian)
8. Gholaami, hosin, Criminology, General criminology and the basics of criminal responsibility: Tehran: Mizan, 2020. (In Persian)
9. Haaji Deh Aabaadi, Mohamad Ali, Applied Criminology, Qom: Al-Mustafa, International Translation and Publishing Center, 2019. (In Persian)
10. Najafi abrandaabaadi, Ali hossein, An introduction to critical criminology and its types, Handbook of Convicts Criminology, By Abbaas Shiri, Tehraan: Mizaan, 2018. (In Persian)
11. Najafi Abrandaabaadi, Ali hossein, Socialist punishments, Preface In: Boolk, Bernaar Criminology, Translated by Najafi Abrandaabaad., Ali Hossein, 5^th edition, Tehran: Majd, 2006. (In Persian)
12. Safaari, Ali, Criminology: Developments, foundations and implementation of the penalty of deprivation of liberty, Jangal Publication, 2011. (In Persian)
13. Shaateri Poor Esfahaani, Shahid, Mohamad Saravani,The effect of privatization on the management of the penal population in the collection of selected articles of the national conference on the management of the penal population, Through Professor Nasrin Mahra Guidance, Tehraan: Mizaan, 2020. (In Persian)
Articles
1. Barden, Bret & Juras, Randall, The Enhanced Transitional Jobs Demonstration New Perspectives on Creating Jobs, 2018. (Available at:https://www.mdrc.org/sites/default/files/ETJD_STED_Final_Impact_Report_2018_508Compliant_v2.pdf/ )
2. Bloom, Dan, 2015, Testing the Next Generation of Subsidized Employment Programs: An Introduction to the Subsidized and Transitional Employment Demonstration and the Enhanced Transitional Jobs Demonstration. (Available at:https://www.mdrc.org/sites/default/files/ETJD- STED_ShortReport%202015.pdf(/
3. Carrie Pettus ,Davis.2011,A Community-based Randomized Controlled Trial Gunther, (Avaiable at: https://www.researchgate.net)
4. Erin Jacobs Valentine, Cindy Redcross. 2015. Transitional jobs after release from prison: effects on employment and recidivism: IZA Journal of Labor Policy, 2015.
5. feder, elizabeth, moran, colleen e, 2013, transitional jobs program: a health impact assessment executive summary, (Available at: https://uwphi.pophealth.wisc.edu/wp-content/uploads/sites/316/ 2018/01/transitional-jobs-program-hia-executive-summary.pdf/)
6. Gunther Schmid, 1998, Transitional Labour Markets: A New European Employment Strategy.Wissenschaftszentrum Berlin Fur (Avaiable at: https://www.ssoar.info/ssoar/handle/document/12885.)
7. Kimberly Foley, riley webste 2018,the enhanced transitional jobs demonstrationreducing recidivism and increasing opportunity Benefits and Costs of the Recycle Force Enhanced Transitional Jobs Program )Available at:https://mefassociates.com/wordpress/wp-content/uploads/2018/12/ETJD_STED_Benefit_Cost_Brief_508.pdf/)
8. Q.-R. Carlos Salas-Paez 1, Miguel A. Mendoza-Gonzalez 3 and Jose Alvarez-Garcia 4 ,2022, Analysis of Job Transitions in Mexico with Markov Chains in Discrete Time, (Available at: https://www.proquest.com/docview/2670330112/D55140260C484938PQ/7(/
9. Meyer, Laura, Subsidized Employment: A Proven Strategy to Aid an Equitable Economic Recovery, center on budget and policy priorities,2021, (Available at: https://www.cbpp.org/sites/default/files/3-30-21fis.pdf/)
10. Redcross, Cindy; Millenky. Megan; Timothy, rudd, 2012. More Than a Job Final Results from the Evaluation of the Center for Employment Opportunities (CEO) Transitional Jobs Program. (Available at: https://www.mdrc.org/sites/default/files/full_451.pdf/)
11. Solomon Amy L, Johnson Kelly Dedel, Travis. Jeremy and McBride, Elizabeth C, From Prison to Work:The Employment Dimensions of PrisonerReentry,2004, (Available at: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/241281873_From_Prison_toWork_The_Employment_Dimensions_of_Prisoner_Reentry/)
Thesis
1. Whitney N. Johnson, A Phenomenological Inquiry Into Familial Contact for Releasees on the Route to Desisting From Crime,2021, (Available at: https://www.proquest.com/docview/2507992071/F093A8C2176649FCPQ/36)
Websites
1. Caitlin C. Schnur, Chris Warland, and Melissa Young, “Framework for an Equity-Centered National Subsidized Employment Program,”Heartland Alliance, January 12, 2021, (Available at: https://nationalinitiatives.issuelab.org/resources/37934/37934.pdf/)
2. Correctional Services, work-areas, government of South Australian ,2023, (Available at https://www.corrections.sa.gov.au/Rehabilitation-education-and-work/work-opportunities/work-areas(/
3. Department for Correctional Services, prisoner-employment, government of South Australian, 2023, (Available at: https://www.corrections.sa.gov.au/Rehabilitation-education-and-work/work-opportunities/prisoner-employment)
Internet Resources
1. Bornaa News Agency, If you have a criminal record, get hired here (Dated 2020/08/03, News Code: 1038476) Avaiable at: https://www.borna.news/fa/tiny/news-1038476/. (In Persian)