Responsibility of States to Prevent the Enforced Disappearance at United Nations Human Rights Committee

Document Type : Original Article

Authors

1 Public Law, Faculty of Law, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran

2 Public Law, Faculty of Law & Political Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran

3 Public Law, Law Faculty, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran

Abstract

The crime of Enforced Disappearance is widely spread in the international arena. But because the lack of explicit codification of this crime, it still has a lot of gaps, and as a result, legal texts have not been clearly addressed it. However, the history of committing such acts has constituted a significant amount of international criminal law documents that principles and rules of law can extract from this documents and judiciary concern to this Crime. The main discussed topic is the responsibility of states to prevent the crime of Enforced Disappearance that emerged in the cases cited by United Nations Human Rights Committee under international Civil and Political Covenant. In the present paper, with focus on the judiciary, we have been discuses about this responsibility to States, which are sometimes undercover and not Specified in practical procedures. In the present paper, with focus on the judiciary, we have been discuses about this responsibility to States, which are sometimes undercover and not Specified in practical procedures.

Keywords

Main Subjects

References

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    منابع فارسی:

    کتاب ها:

    1. اردبیلی، محمد علی، پیشگیری از اعتیاد، مجموعه مقالات، تهران: انتشارات روزنامه رسمی، 1379.
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    مقالات:

    1. احمدی نژاد، مریم، تحلیل حقوقی جنایت ناپدیدسازی اجباری اشخاص در حقوق بین الملل، به عنوان ناقض ماده 6 اعلامیه جهانی حقوق بشر، مجله حقوقی بین المللی، دوره سی و چهارم، پاییز و زمستان 1396، شماره 57، صفحات 166 – 149.
    2. بیگ زاده، ابراهیم، ساز و کارهای پیشگیری از شکنجه و مجازاتها یا رفتارهای ظالمانه ، غیر انسانی و تحقیر کننده در پرتو پروتکل 18 دسامبر 2002 م. مجله الهیات و حقوق دانشگاه رضوی (آموزه های حقوقی)، سال ششم، بهار1385 شماره 8 (پیاپی 19).
    3. جاویدزاده، حمیدرضا، سیاست های پیشگیرانه سازمان ملل متّحد در قبال نسل کشی، فصلنامه پژوهش های حقوق عمومی (دانشگاه علامه طباطبایی)، دوره 13، تابستان 1390، شماره 33.
    4. عابدینی، عبدالله،کنوانسیون حمایت در برابر ناپدیدسازی اجباری و ضرورت پیوستن ایران به آن، مجله حقوقی بین المللی، دوره سی و چهارم، پاییز و زمستان 1396، شماره 57، صفحات 167 – 196.

     

    منابع انگلیسی:

    Books:

    1. Guest, I., Behind the Disappearances: Argentina’s Dirty War Against Human Rights and the United Nations, Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1990.
    2. Hall, C.K., Enforced disappearance of persons, in: Triffterer, o., (ed.), Commentary on the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court, Baden-Baden: Nomos 1999.
    3. Perez Solla, M.F., Enforced Disappearances in International Human rights, Foreword by Manfred Network, USA: Macfarland & company Publishers, 2006.
    4. Vermeulen, M.L, Enforced Disappearance: Determining State Responsibility Under the International Convention for the Protection of All Persons from Enforced Disappearance, Netherlands: Intersentia, 2012.

    Articles:

    1. finucane, B., ‘Enforced Disappearance as a Crime under International Law: A Neglected origin in the Laws of War’ The Yale Journal of International Law, 2010, pp. 171-198.
    2. Courtney, J., ‘Enforced Disappearances in Colombia: A Plea for Synergy between the Courts’ International Criminal Law Review, 2010, pp. 679-711.

    UN documents: Human Rights Committee

    1. HRC, ‘Consideration of reports submitted by States parties under article 40 of the Covenant, Concluding observations: Algeria’ (18 August 1998) UN Doc. CCPR/C/79/Add.95
    2. HRC, ‘Consideration of reports submitted by States parties under article 40 of the Covenant, Concluding observations: Algeria’ (12 December 2007) UN Doc. CCPR/C/DZA/CO/3
    3. HRC, ‘Consideration of reports submitted by States parties under article 40 of the Covenant, Concluding observations: france’ (4 August 1997) UN Doc. CCPR/C/79/Add.80
    4. HRC, ‘General Comment 8 Right to liberty and security of persons (Article 9)’ (30 June 1982)
    5. HRC, ‘General Comment No. 20 Replaces general comment 7 concerning prohibition of torture and cruel treatment or punishment’ (10 March 1992)
    6. HRC, ‘General Comment No. 33 The obligations of States Parties under the optional Protocol to the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights’ (31 October 2008) UN Doc. CCPR/C/GC/33

    Other Documents:

    1. The Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights (OHCHR),(2013), INDIVIDUAL COMPLAINT  PROCEDURES UNDER THE UNITED NATIONS  HUMAN RIGHTS TREATIES,  Fact Sheet No.7/Rev.2. USA & Geneva: United Nations.
    2. General Assembly, United Nations, Resolution on Basic Principles and Guidelines on the Right to a Remedy and Reparation for Victims of Gross Violations of International Human Rights Law and serious Violations of International Humanitarian Law. 2015.

     

    Table of Cases: HRC

    1. A.P. v. Italy (admis. dec.) HRC 2 November 1987 (Comm. no. 204/1986)
    2. Aber v. Algeria HRC 13 July 2007 (Comm. no. 1439/2005)
    3. Aboussedra v. Libyan Arab Jamahiriya HRC 2 November 2010 (Comm. no. 1751/2008)
    4. Almeida de Quinteros et al. v. Uruguay HRC 15 October 1982 (Comm. no. 107/1981)
    5. Arutyunyan v. Uzbekistan HRC 29 March 2004 (Comm. no. 917/2000)
    6. Aîssa Mezine v. Algeria HRC 27 February 2013 (Comm. no. 1779/2008)
    7. Bashasha v. Libyan Arab Jamahiriya HRC 2 November 2010 (Comm. no. 1776/2008)
    8. Bautista de Arellana v. Colombia HRC 27 october 1995 (Comm. no. 563/1993)
    9. Benaziza v. Algeria HRC 16 September 2010 (Comm. no. 1588/2007)
    10. Benhadj v. Algeria HRC 20 July 2007 (Comm. no. 1173/2003)
    11. Berry v. Jamaica HRC 7 April 1994 (Comm. no. 330/1988)
    12. Bethel v. Trinidad and Tobago HRC 30 April 1999 (Comm. no. 830/1998)
    13. Bleier v. Uruguay HRC 29 March 1982 (Comm. no. 30/1978)
    14. Boucherf v. Algeria HRC 30 March 2006 (Comm. no. 1196/2003)
    15. Bousroual v. Algeria HRC 30 March 2006 (Comm. no. 992/2001)
    16. Caldas v. Uruguay HRC 21 July 1983 (Comm. no. 43/1979)
    17. Cifuentes Elgueta v. Chile HRC 28 July 2009 (Comm. no. 1536.2006)
    18. Delgado Páez v. Colombia HRC 12 July 1990 (Comm. no. 195/1985)
    19. El Abani v. Algeria HRC 26 July 2010 (Comm. no. 1640/2007)
    20. El Alwani v. the Lybian Arab Jamahiriya HRC 11 July 2007 (Comm. no. 1295/2004)
    21. El Hassy v. The Libyan Arab Jamahiriya HRC 24 october 2007 (Comm. no. 1422/2005)
    22. Elcida Arévalo Perez et al. v. Colombia HRC 3 November 1989 (Comm. no. 181/1984)
    23. El-Megreisi v. Libyan Arab Jamahiraya HRC 23 March 1994 (Comm. no. 440/1990)
    24. Jijón v. Ecuador HRC 26 March 1992 (Comm. no. 277/1988)
    25. Joaquín David Herrera Rubio et al. v. Colombia HRC 2 November 1987 (Comm. no. 161/1983)
    26. José Antonio Coronel et al. v. Colombia HRC 24 october 2002 (Comm. no. 778/1997)
    27. Judge v. Canada HRC 5 August 2002 (Comm. no. 829/1998)
    28. Kimouche v. Algeria HRC 10 July 2007 (Comm. no. 1328/2004)
    29. Könye v. Hungary (admiss. dec.) HRC 7 April 1994 (Comm. no. 520/1992)
    30. Lanza v. Uruguay HRC 3 April 1980 (Comm. no. 8/1977)
    31. Laureano v. Peru HRC 25 March 1996 (Comm. no. 540/1993)
    32. Lucía Arzuaga Gilboa v. Uruguay HRC 1 November 1985 (Comm. no. 147/1983)
    33. Madoui v. Algeria HRC 28 october 2008 (Comm. no. 1495/2006)
    34. Mériem Zarzi v. Algeria HRC 22 March 2011 (Comm. no. 1780/2008)
    35. Mojica v. Dominican Republic HRC 15 July 1994 (Comm. no. 449/1991)
    36. Mukong v. Cameroon HRC 21 July 1994 (Comm. no. 458/1991)
    37. Mulezi v. Democratic Republic of the Congo HRC 6 July 2004 (Comm. no. 962/2001)
    38. Oxandabarat Scarrone v. Uruguay HRC 4 November 1983 (Comm. no. 103/1981)
    39. S.E. v. Argentina HRC 26 March 1990 (Comm. no. 275/1988)
    40. Saker v. Algeria HRC 24 April 2006 (Comm. no. 992/2001)
    41. Santullo Valcada v. Uruguay HRC 26 october 1979 (Comm. no. 9/1977)
    42. Sarma v. Sri Lanka HRC 16 July 2003 (Comm. no. 950/2000)
    43. Sayadi and Vinck v. Belgium HRC 22 october 2008 (Comm. no. 1472/2006)
    44. Sharma v. Nepal HRC 28 october 2008 (Comm. no. 1469/2006)
    45. Simunek, Hastings, and Prochazka v. the Czech Republic HRC 19 July 1995 (Comm. no. 516/1992)
    46. Yubraj Giri v. Nepal HRC 24 March 2011 (Comm. no. 1761/2008)

     

Legal Research Quarterly
Volume 23, Issue 91 - Serial Number 91
December 2020
Pages 135-160

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History

  • Receive Date: 29 September 2018
  • Revise Date: 02 August 2020
  • Accept Date: 05 August 2020

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