International Law in Wonderlands Cyber Operations in Territorial Sea and the High Seas in the Light of Tallinn Manual 2.0

Document Type : Original Article

Authors

1 Associate Professor, Department of Public and International Law, Faculty of Law and Political Science, Allameh Tabataba’i University, Tehran, Iran.

2 Department of International Law, Faculty of Law, University of Qom, Qom, Iran

3 International Law/ Law Faculty/ Qom University/ Qom/ Iran

10.48308/jlr.2023.231191.2471

Abstract

Cyber space and activities such as cyber operations which are conducted in it are one of the new challenges facing the contemporary international law. Accordingly, exploration and determination of issues relating to this space and its related activities, inter alia, from the perspective of international law, has an undeniable significance and necessity. In this regard, the present study has attempted to examine the requirements of cyber operations in territorial sea and high seas in the light of 2017 Tallinn Manual 02. The findings of this paper imply that conducting cyber operations in the said maritime zones should be compatible with the principles and rules which govern them. Generally speaking, cyber space is not a new territory or area for human activities in the framework of international law. Consequently, cyber operations are considered cyber activities which are conducted by human beings in land, sea, air and outer space and, as a result, are governed by international law standards applicable in this territories.

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Legal Research

Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript
Available Online from 07 November 2023

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History

  • Receive Date: 01 May 2023
  • Revise Date: 15 August 2023
  • Accept Date: 07 November 2023

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