The evolution of the concept of self-defense: International law and non-state Actors

Document Type : Original Article

Authors

1 Secretary General of ACIC

2 legal expert of ACIC

Abstract

Terrorism is one of the most serious threats to peace, and ISIS (The Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant) has been introduced as a global and serious threat to international peace and security, as determined by Security Council. The legitimacy of use of force against non-state actors such as The Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (Known as ISIL) which has seriously violated human rights and humanitarian rights is evolving and not yet well established. In fact, the position of ICJ (International court of justice) and individual opinion of ICJ judges is different from the resolution of Security Council, doctrines and state practice. However developments after 9/11 ( 2001 ) and also the situation in Iraq and Syria and serious crimes by ISIS and other terrorist groups has gradually convinced the Security Council to consider the legitimacy of use of force and self-defense against terrorist activities of non-state actors such as ISIS.

Keywords

Main Subjects

References

فهرست منابع
الف) منابع فارسی
مقاله
1. زمانی، سیدقاسم، ماهیت حقوقی داعش در حقوق بین الملل: دولت یا بازیگر غیردولتی؟ فصلنامۀ دولت پژوهی، سال اول، بهار 1394، شمارۀ 1.
2. سرتیپی، حسین؛ بردبار، احمد، بررسی و نقد ترور هدفمند، مبارزه با تروریسم و حقوق مخاصمات مسلحانه بین‌المللی، فصلنامۀ پژوهش حقوق عمومی، سال چهاردهم، پاییز و زمستان 1391، شمارۀ 38.
3. شریفی طرازکوهی، حسین؛ فتح‌پور، فاطمه، الزمات مقابله با تروریسم در پرتو انسانی شدن حقوق بین‌الملل، مجلۀ مطالعات حقوقی، دورۀ نهم، تابستان 1396، شمارۀ 2.
4. نمامیان، پیمان، ارزیابی سیاست کیفری بین‌المللی در رسیدگی به جنایات داعش، فصلنامۀ مطالعات راهبردی، سال هجدهم، بهار 1394، شمارۀ 1.
ب) منابع انگلیسی
Articles
5. Ahmad, Hassan. "Prosecuting ISIS at the ICC." University of California, Berkeley School of Law. (2016).
6. Anderson, Jessica, ISIS: State or Terror Group? SMALL WARS Journal, 2016.
7. Bailey, Sydney D., the Procedure of the UN Security Council, Clarendon Press, 1998.
8. Blum, Yehuda Z. "The Beirut Raid and the International Double Standard: A Reply to Professor Richard A. Falk." The American Journal of International Law 64.1 (1970).
9. Christakis, Theodor, International Law and Practice, Symposium on the Fight against ISIL and International Law, Leiden Journal of International Law (2016).
10. Clapham, Andrew. "Human rights obligations of non-state actors in conflict situations." International Review of the Red Cross 88.863 (2006): 491-523.
11. Ebben, Iona. "The Use of Force Against a Non-State Actor in the Territory of Another State: Applying the Self-Defence Framework to Al-Qaeda." Available at SSRN 1960508 (2011).
12. Freamon, Bernard Kenneth. "Isis, Boko Haram, and the Human Right to Freedom from Slavery under Islamic Law." Fordham International Law Journal, Forthcoming (2015).
13. Gogia, Vandna, The legal position of the Islamic State in international law legality of the use of force against the Islamic State, FACUITY OF LAW Lund University, Spring 2015.
14. Gowan, Richard, and Nora Gordon. Pathways to Security Council Reform. 2014.
15. Gray, Christine. "The Use of Force for Humanitarian Purposes." Research Handbook on International Conflict and Security Law (2013), Forthcoming (2013).
16. Jones, Seth G., et al. Rolling Back the Islamic State. Rand Corporation, 2017.
17. Nabati, Mikael. "The UN responds to the crisis in Darfur: security council resolution 1556." ASIL Insights (2004).
18. O'Connor, Laurie. "Legality of the use of force in Syria against Islamic State and the Khorasan Group." Journal on the Use of Force and International Law (2016).
19. P. Scharf, Michael, "How the War against ISIS Changed", International Law, Case Western Reserve Journal of International Law 48 (2016).
20. Spain, Anna. "The UN Security Council's Duty to Decide", Harvard National Security Journal, Vol. 4. (2013).
21. Wagner, Markus. "Non-State Actors." Max Planck Institute for Comparative Public Law and International Law, Heidelberg and Oxford University Press, (2009).
22. Wettberg, Gregor. "The International Legality of Self-Defense against Non-State Actors." Frankfurt aM (2007).
23. Wood, Michael, The Use of Force in 2015 With Particular Reference to Syria, Hebrew University of Jerusalem Legal Studies Research Paper Series No. 16-05.
 
Legal Research Quarterly
Volume 21, Issue 81
April 2018
Pages 89-113

Files

History

  • Receive Date: 16 July 2017
  • Accept Date: 10 November 2017

Share

How to cite

Statistics