«نقش همیار دادگاه (ذینفع غیرمستقیم) در داوری سرمایه‌گذاری بین‌المللی»

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 استاد دانشکده حقوق دانشگاه شهید بهشتی

2 دانش آموخته کارشناسی ارشد، حقوق تجارت بین الملل دانشگاه شهید بهشتی .

چکیده

امروزه در متن بسیاری از قراردادهای بین‌المللی که یک طرف آن دولت و طرف دیگر شخص خارجی است و به عنوان قراردادهای دولتی شناخته می شوند و اغلب آنها نیز قراردادهای سرمایه گذاری می باشند، شرط داوری وجود دارد، و داوری بین‌المللی معمول‌ترین روش برای حل‌و‌فصل اختلافات ناشی از این قراردادها بشمار می رود. اصولا قواعد داوری حاکم بر این اختلافات، قواعد داوری تجاری بین المللی متداول داوری های سازمانی یا موردی است. در سال‌های اخیر، ‌با توجه به حضور دولت‌ها در این داوری ها تحولاتی در قواعد و برگزاریآن ها رخ داده است. پیدایش نهاد «همیار دادگاه» یا ذینفع غیر مستقیم در داوری سرمایه گذاری، یکی از مهمترین تحولات این نظام داوری محسوب می شود. «همیار دادگاه» شخص ثالثی نسبت به طرفین اختلاف می باشد که به دلیل وجود نفعی برای او در تصمیم دادگاه، به درخواست وی یا بنا به تشخیص دادگاه، بیانیه ای از طرف او برای کمک به تصمیم صحیح دادگاه، در پرونده مطروحه در دادگاه ثبت می شود. در این مقاله تلاش شده است ضمن معرفی این نهاد، نقش آن در داوری های سرمایه گذاری اخیر و تحلیل کارکرد نهاد مذکور تبیین گردد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

The Role of Amicus Curiae in International Investment Arbitration

نویسندگان [English]

  • HamidReza Nikbakht 1
  • Hadi Khosrosereshki 2
1 Professor of Law,Shahid Beheshti University
2 Master of International ,Comercial law, Shahid BeheshtiUniversity.
چکیده [English]

Abstract

At the present time in the text of many international contracts in which one party is the State and the other party is a foreign private sector, and known as State contracts, and mainly are investment contracts there exists a condition concerned with arbitration as the means of dispute settlement. Therefore, international arbitration has become the most common process for resolving disputes regarding these contracts. Although basically the main regulations of these arbitrations are the international commercial arbitration rules of institutional and ad hoc arbitrations, some developments have been occurred in these rules in recent years due to the presence of the States. The new establishment of "amicus curiae", which is a phenomenon in the court proceedings in some countries, in the system of investment arbitration has been counted as one of the most important developments of the arbitration system. "Amicus curiae" is a third person, other than the parties, to a lawsuit who has an interest in the decision of the court, and request the court or is requested by the court to file a brief in the action. In this article, thus, it has been tried to introduce this phenomenon and to analyze the role it plays in recent investment arbitrations as well as its function.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Amicus curiae
  • Amicus Brief
  • Arbitration

مراجع

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    Cases:

    1. Ab How (alias Louie Ah How) v. United States
    2. Aguas del Tunari, S.A. v. Republic of , Decision on Respondent’s Objections to Jurisdiction, October.21, 2005.
    3. Biwater Gauff (Tanzania) Limited v. United Republic of Tanzania, ICSID Case No.ARB/05/22.
    4. Methanex v. United State of America (NAFTA Arbitration case)
    5. Piero Foresti v. Republic of South Africa, ICSID Case No.ARB(AF)/07/1
    6. Suez, Sociedad General de Aguas de Barcelona, S.A., & Vivendi Universal, S.A v. Arg. Republic, ICSID Case No. ARB/03/19.
    7. United Parcel Service of America Inc v. Government of Canada, NAFTA Arbitration, 2001
    8. United States-Import Prohibition of Certain Shrimp and Shrimp Products, WT/DS58, (WTO case)
    9. United States - Imposition of Countervailing Duties on Certain Hot-Rolled Lead and Bismuth Carbon Steel Products Originating in the United Kingdom, WT/DS138, (WTO case)

     

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سابقه مقاله

  • تاریخ دریافت: 06 خرداد 1397
  • تاریخ بازنگری: 29 بهمن 1397
  • تاریخ پذیرش: 17 فروردین 1398

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