نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی
نویسندگان
1 دانش آموختة دکتری حقوق بین الملل حقوق بین الملل عمومی، گروه حقوق عمومی و بین الملل، دانشکدۀ حقوق ، الهیات و علوم سیاسی، واحد علوم و تحقیقات ، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران.
2 استادیار ، دانشکدۀ حقوق ، الهیات و علوم سیاسی، واحد علوم و تحقیقات ، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران (نویسنده مسئول
3 دانشیار دانشکده حقوق، دانشگاه شهید بهشتی.
چکیده
کلیدواژهها
عنوان مقاله [English]
نویسندگان [English]
By Refer to the International Civil Aviation Convention, known as the Chicago Convention, shows that Civil Aviation can play a dual role in providing or threatening international peace and security. Clearly, the Chicago Convention, in its preamble, recalls the positive role of international civil aviation in “creating and preserving friendship and understanding among the nations and people of the world”, noted that: “abuse the future development of international civil aviation considers as a threat to general security”. Hence, the Convention has not neglected its negative effects on international peace and security. Now, if it is proven that the sanctions imposed on the civil aviation governments sometimes lead to abuse of the civil aviation, the question arises as to whether this is not explicitly considered in Article (4) of the said Convention, a violation of the Chicago Convention and the abuse of civil aviation and as a result, it does not endanger international peace and security? The authors' answer to this question indicates that according to the studies conducted in this article, at first, because of the negative effects of aviation sanctions prevail over positive effect, second, the aviation sanctions have become a tool for violating the Chicago Convention and abusing of civil aviation.
کلیدواژهها [English]
منابع:
فارسی:
کتاب:
مقاله:
English:
A:Books:
1.Abeyratne,Ruwantissa, Air Security Law, Springer,2005.
B:Articles:
4.Nakatani,Kazuhiro,Sanctions related to International Air Transport and International Law,Korean Association of Air and Space Law,Vol.8,1996.
6.Yamashita,Hikaru,”Reading “threats to International Peace and Security”,1946-2005”,Diplomacy and Statecraft,Vol.18, 2007.
C:Thesis:
1.Jalali,Javad,The Impact of Sanctions upon Civil Aviation Safety,a thesis submitted to MacGill university, Faculty of Law, Montreal, Canada, 2011.
D:Agreement,Conventions,Judicial Awards,Documents,Web-sites.
1.Agreement between the United Nations and the International Civil Aviation Organization(adopted Sept.30, 1946,entered into force May 13,1947)8 UNTS 315.
4.International Crisis Group,Balkans Briefing:Sanctions against Federal Republic of Yugoslavia.
Available at: https://www.files.ethz.ch/isn/27783/b015_sanctions_yugoslavia.pdf.
8.Strategic Planning Unit, Executive Office of the UN Secretary General, UN Sanctions: How Effective? How Necessary? “March 1999, Paper prepared for the Second Interlaken Seminar on Targeting United Nations Financial Sanctions.
8.Sanctions against Syria,Routes online,30 November 2011.Available at: https://www.routesonline. com/ news/29/breaking-news/.../sanctions-against-syria/www. Icao.int> about-icao> history>.
11.The Charter of United Nations.
12.The Convention of International Aviation.
13.Universal Declaration of Human Rights,General Assembly Res.217(III),UN GAOR,3d Sess.,Supp.No.13,UN Doc.A/810(1948).