پیامد تغییرات اقلیمی بر حقوق بشر فردی و جمعی، با نگاهی به رویه دولت‌ها و محاکم

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشیار

2 دانشکده حقوق دانشگاه شهید بهشتی

چکیده

تغییرات اقلیمی، به‌مثابه یکی از مهم‌ترین معضلات عصر حاضر، صدمات بسیاری را بر تحقق حق‌های بشری وارد می‌نماید. رابطه این دو مقوله، اگرچه در منابع اصلی و الزام‌آور حقوق بشری ذکر نشده است، اما با نگاهی عمیق‌تر به نتایجی که این معضل جهانی به بار می‌آورد، می‌توان دریافت که امروزه رابطه بسیار مهمی میان امکان تحقق حق‌های بشری و تغییرات آب‌وهوایی وجود دارد. این امر، هم حق‌های فردی و هم جمعی بشری را متأثر خواهد کرد، موانع زیادی در راه تحقق آن‌ها ایجاد می‌کند و مسائلی را پیش می‌کشد که مواجهه با آن‌ها نیازمند بررسی حق‌های بشری با نگاهی جدید است. در این حوزه، رویه دولت‌ها و محاکم بین‌المللی نیز قابل توجه و مهم است. با توجه به این نکات، مقاله حاضر، با بررسی اسناد و رویه‌های موجود و نیز با توجه به ابعاد گوناگون زیست انسانی، تأثیرات متعدد تغییرات اقلیمی بر تحقق حق‌های مختلف بشری را مورد بررسی دقیق قرار خواهد داد و تلاش خواهد داشت تا بحران‌های حقوق بشری متأثر از این امر را که در مباحث غال حقوق بشری مغفول واقع شده‌اند، برجسته نماید تا بتوان به مسئله تحقق حقوق بشر در عصر حاضر، نگاهی واقع‌بینانه‌تر داشت.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات


عنوان مقاله [English]

The consequences of Climate Change on the Individual and Collective Human Rights with Regard to Governments' Procedures and Courts

نویسندگان [English]

  • mohammad hossein ramezani 1
  • SEYEDEHSARA MIRIAN 2
1 professor
2 LAW FACULTY OF SHAHID BEHESHTY UNIVERSITY
چکیده [English]

Climate change, as one of the most important problems of the present age, causes a lot of damage to the realization of human rights. The relationship between these two categories, although not mentioned in the main and binding sources of human rights, but with a deeper look at the consequences of this global problem, we can see that today there is a very important relationship between the possibility of human rights and climate change. This will affect both individual and collective human rights, create many obstacles to their realization, and raise issues that require addressing human rights in a new light. In this area, the practice of states and international courts is also significant. With regard to these points, the present article, by considering the existing documents and procedures and the various aspects of human life, in order to take a more realistic view of the issue of the realization of human rights in the present age, will examine the effects of climate change on the realization of various human rights and will try to Highlight human rights crises affected by this phenomenon and have been overlooked in its basic discussions.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Climate Change
  • Human Right
  • International Environmental Law
  • Indigenous peoples'
  • rights
  • Climatic asylum
  • فهرست منابع

     

    فارسی:

    قدوسی، مژده، جایگاه اصل توسعه پایدار در حقوق بین‌الملل بر تغییرات اقلیمی، مجله بین‌المللی پژوهش ملل، دوره پنجم، شماره 52، 1399

    موسوی، سیدفضل‌الله؛ میرمحمدی، معصومه‌سادات، تغییرات جوی: تهدیدی علیه صلح و امنیت بین‌المللی، مجله حقوقی بین‌المللی، شماره 49، پاییز – زمستان 1392

    خوش‌منش، بهنوش و دیگران، بررسی پیامد‌های تغییر اقلیم از دیدگاه حقوق بشر، علوم و تکنولوژی محیط زیست، دوره هفدهم، شماره چهار، زمستان 94.

    مصفا، نسرین؛ حسین‌زاده هاشمی، حورا، حمایت حقوق از پناهجویان تغییرات اقلیمی، فصلنامه مطالعات بین‌المللی، سال سیزدهم، شماره 1، تابستان 1395.

    English:

    • Scanlon, Cassar and Nemes, "Water as a Human Right?"; Salman M.A. Salman and Siobhán McInerney-Lankford, The Human Right to Water: Legal and Policy Dimensions (Washington, D.C.: The World Bank, 2004).
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    • Jennifer A. Amiott, "Environment, Equality, and Indigenous Peoples' Land Rights in the Inter-American Human Rights System: Mayagna (Sumo) Indigenous Community of Awas Tingni v. Nicaragua," Environmental Law 32(2002).
    • James Anaya and Claudio Grossman, “The Case of Awas Tingni v. Nicaragua: A New Step in the International Law of Indigenous Peoples," Arizona Journal of International and Comparative Law 19, no. 1 (2002): 1.
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    Documents:

     

    • A/HRC/48/L.18, The right to development
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    • Paris Agreement on Climate Change
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    • Report of the Special Rapporteur on the Situation of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms of Indigenous People: Addendum: Mission to the Philippines, Rodolfo Stavenhagen, UN Doc E/CN.4/2003/90/Add.3 (2003), par. 63.
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    • Security Council 5663rd meeting, Security Council SC 9000 (2007).
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    • Universal Declaration of Human Rights.