اپیدمی و دولت تنظیم‌گر

شمس, عرفان

doi:10.29252/jlr.2022.226829.2167

اپیدمی و دولت تنظیم‌گر

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسنده

عرفان شمس

استادیار، دانشکده حقوق، دانشگاه شهید بهشتی

10.29252/jlr.2022.226829.2167

چکیده

نوشتار حاضر بحران کرونا را از منظر حقوق تنظیمی به بحث می‌گذارد. به عبارت دقیق‌تر، موضوع اصلی بحث، تأثیر متقابل وضعیت‌های اپیدمی و دولت تنظیم‌گر است. پرسش اصلی این نوشتار آن است که وضعیت اپیدمی چه تأثیر یا تأثیرات احتمالی بر دولت تنظیم‌گر می‌گذارد و پاسخ یا پاسخ‌های احتمالی دولت تنظیم‌گر به وضعیت‌های اپیدمیک، مانند کووید-19 چه پارادایمی را از نسبت مفهوم منفعت عمومی و نظام بازار ترسیم می‌کند؟ پاسخ اجمالی به این پرسش آن است که ورود شوک‌های جدید مانند بحران‌های سلامت به نظام تنظیمی، وضعیت تنظیمی را به سطح بالاتری که متضمن مداخله بیشتر دولت است، سوق می‌دهد. این امر به‌واسطۀ فشارهای مختلف، مانند فشارهای ناشی از افکار عمومی، ذی‌نفعان و فشارهای ناشی از کاستی بازار صورت می‌گیرد و هم‌زمان، میزان پایبندی دولت به مفهوم منفعت عمومی را به رخ می‌کشد. در عین حال، آموزه‌های تنظیم خوب و تقویت نظارت‌ها و تضمین متابعت از مقررات تنظیمی در کنار کاهش تشریفات غیرضروری و تقویت همکاری‌های بین‌المللی در هنگام بروز بحران‌های سلامت می‌تواند به ترسیم تصویری دقیق‌تر از پارادایم جدید دولت و بازار کمک کند. پارادایمی که عمدتاً مبتنی بر تنظیم‌گری هوشمندانه، وابسته به نتیجه و معطوف به تقویت اعتماد شهروندان به دولت تنظیم‌گر است.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

حقوق عمومی

عنوان مقاله [English]

Epidemic and the Regulatory State

نویسنده [English]

EFRAN SHAMS

Assistant Professor of law, Shahid Beheshti University

چکیده [English]

This paper discusses the Covid-19 crisis from the perspective of
regulatory law. To be more precise, the main topic of discussion is the
interaction between epidemic situations and the regulatory state. The main
question of this paper is what effect or possible effects the epidemic situation
will have on the regulatory state, and the possible response of the regulatory
state to epidemic situations, such as Covid-19, draws which kind of
relationship between the concept of the public interest and the market
system. The short answer to this question is that the entry of new shocks,
such as health crises, into the regulatory system, pushes the regulatory
situation to a higher level, which requires more government intervention.
This is due to various pressures, such as pressures from public opinion,
stakeholders and pressures from market failures as well as the extent to
which the government adheres to public interest. At the same time, the
findings of good regulation and strengthening of supervision, monitoring and
ensuring compliance with regulatory regulations, along with reducing redtapes
and strengthening international cooperation in the event of a health
crisis, can provide an accurate picture of the new paradigm of government
and market; A paradigm that is largely based on smart, outcome-oriented
regulation, and aims to strengthen citizens' trust in the regulatory state.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

Regulatory State
Epidemic
New Regulatory Paradigm
Government Intervention

مراجع

Books
1.Bartle, Ian and Vass, Peter (2007), Self-Regulation Within the Regulatory
State, Blackwell Publishing.
2.Barzelay, M (2001), The New Public Management, Berkeley, University of
California Press.
3.Cunningham, N and Grabovsky, P (1998), Smart Regulation: Designing
Environmental Policy, Oxford, Clarendon Press.
4.Hood, C. H. Rothstein and R. Baldwin (2001), The Government of Risk,
Understanding Risk Regulation Schemes, Oxford, Oxford University Press.
5. Hutter, Bridget M. (2001), Regulation and Risk: Occupational Health and
Safety on the Railways, Oxford, Oxford University Press.
6.Ogus, Anthony (1994), Regulation: Legal Form and Economic Theory, Hart
Publishing.
7.Patricia A. McCoy (2011), the Subprime Virus: Reckless Credit, Regulatory
Failure and Next Steps, Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Articles
8.Baldwin, R and Black, J (2008), “Really Responsive Regulation”, Modern
Law Review, 71(1): 59-94.
9.Bevan, RG and Hood, C (2006), “What’s measured is what matters”, Public
Administration 84 (3): 527-38.
10. Cogliance, Cary (2012), “Measuring Regulatory Performance, Evaluating
the Impact of Regulation and Regulatory Policy”, Expert Paper No. 1.
11.Maxwell, John W., Lyon., Thomas P. and Hackett, Steven C. (2000),
“Self-regulation and Social Welfare: The Political Economy of Corporate
Environmentalism”, Journal of Law and Economics, Vol. XLIII.
12.May, P. (2003), “Performance-Based Regulation and Regulatory
Regimes: The Saga of Leady Buildings”, Law and Policy, No. 1.
13. Ogus, Anthony I. (2007), “Better Regulation-Better Enforcement”, in
Stephen Robson Weatherill (ed.), Better Regulation, Oxford, Hart
Publishing.
فصلنامه تحقیقات حقوقی- ویژهنامه حقوق و کرونا ش 2اپیدمی و دولت تنظیمگر
478
Internet Sources
14. Dun, Gibson (2020), Covid-19 and Personal Injury Tort Liability:
Preliminary Considerations for Businesses, available at:
https://www.gibsondunn.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/covid-19-andpersonal-injury-tort-liability-preliminary-considerations-for-businesses.pdf/.
15. ECDC (2020), An overview of the rapid test situation for COVID-19
diagnosis in the EU/EEA, Published in:
https://www.ecdc.europa.eu/sites/default/files/documents/Overview-rapidtest-situation-for-COVID-19-diagnosis-EU-EEA.pdf/.
16. OECD (2016), International Regulatory Co-operation: The Role of
International Organizations in Fostering Better Rules of Globalization,
OECD Publishing, Paris, https://doi.org/10.1787/9789264244047-en.
17. OECD (2020), Better regulation in Latin America as a fundamental
mechanism to face the crisis and accelerate recovery, Available at:
http://www.oecd.org/gov/regulatory-policy/Better-regulation-and-crisisOECD-LAC.pdf/.
18. Savares, John F. et. al. (2020), White Collar and Regulatory Enforcement
in the Era of COVID-19, Online at:
https://wp.nyu.edu/compliance_enforcement/2020/04/07/white-collar-andregulatory-enforcement-in-the-era-of-covid-19/.
19. Shanghai Institutes for International Studies (2020), International
Cooperation for the Corona Virus Combat: Results, Lessons and Way
Ahead, published at:
https://www.fmprc.gov.cn/mfa_eng/topics_665678/kjgzbdfyyq/
P020200310355462655277.pdf/.