چالش‌های حقوق رقابت در شرایط شیوع بیماری کرونا

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسنده

استادیار، دانشکده حقوق، دانشگاه شهید بهشتی

10.29252/jlr.2022.226839.2177

چکیده

بروز بیماری همه‌گیر کرونا شرایط اقتصادی خاصی را رقم زده که آثار خود را بر فضای رقابت در بازارها نیز هویدا کرده است. مقالۀ حاضر می‌کوشد تا نحوۀ مواجهۀ حقوق رقابت با مشکلات و چالش‌های رقابتی را در پرتو مصالح عمومی و ضرورت تأمین سلامت عمومی تحلیل کند. در نوشتار حاضر ابعاد توافقات، اعمال یک‌جانبه، تمرکزات، کمک‌های دولتی و مداخلات یک‌جانبۀ دولت در گسترۀ رقابت، در سایۀ موقعیت‌های خاصی که بیماری کووید 19 پدید آورده است، از منظر هنجارهای حقوقی رقابتی بررسی می‌شود. این تحقیق نشان می‌دهد که حقوق رقابت ضمن آنکه برای تأمین کارایی اقتصادی در موقعیت بحران انعطاف زیادی به خرج داده، معافیت‌های چشمگیری در نظر می‌گیرد. ولی در بازارهای خاص بهداشتی و مایحتاج ضروری عمومی، نظارت‌های خود را شدت بخشیده است. مقابله با همکاری‌های غیرضروری رقبا به‌ویژه در مقولۀ مبادلۀ اطلاعات حساس رقابتی، قیمت‌گذاری گزاف محصولات بهداشتی، منع اظهارات گمراه‌کننده در مورد داروها یا روش‌های درمانی کرونا، تسهیل ادغام میان بنگاه‌های تحقیق و توسعۀ فعال در حوزۀ سلامت، قاعده‌مند کردن کمک‌های دولتی به بنگاه‌های زیان‌دیده از این بحران و تنظیم اصولی مداخلات یک‌جانبه و مستقیم دولت در جریان رقابت، از وظایف مهم حقوق رقابت در برهۀ ویژۀ کنونی به شمار می‌آید. باوجوداین، نمی‌توان انکار کرد که حقوق رقابت مهیای مواجهه با همۀ ابعاد بحران کرونا و برقراری موازنه میان حفظ ارزش‌های رقابت و تداوم‌بخشی به فعالیت‌های اقتصادی و تأمین منافع و سلامت عمومی نیست. این موضوع در حقوق ایران که فاقد هرگونه موازینی در این خصوص است، مشهودتر است که بازنگری جدی در قواعد موجود ایجاب می‌کند.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Challenges for Competition Law during Prevalence of Covid-19

نویسنده [English]

  • ebrahim rabari
Assistant Professor of Law, Shahid Beheshti University
چکیده [English]

The emergence of Covid-19 disease has made a particular economic
situation which by its turn has affected competition in different markets.
This research is going to analyze the approach of competition law in front of
competition challenges in the light of public interests and ensuring public
health. In the present paper, the aspects of agreements, unilateral practices,
concentrations, state aids and unilateral government interventions in the
competition field are examined from the perspective of competition rules,
regarding the particular situations imposed by Covid-19. This study reveals
that competition law allows a great deal of flexibility to ensure economic
efficiency in a crisis and provides significant block and ad-hoc exemptions,
but it has strengthened its surveillance and governance in particular health
markets and public essentials and commodities. Confronting unnecessary
collaboration of competitors, especially exchange of commercially sensitive
information, excessive pricing in pharmaceuticals and health products,
prohibition of misleading statements about drugs or Covid-19 treatment
methods, facilitating mergers between R&D undertakings or centers in
health sector, regulating state aid to enterprises affected by the Covid-19
crisis and the regulation of unilateral and direct government interventions in
competition is one of the important calls of competition law in the during
particular period of time. Although it must be admitted that competition law is
not ready for facing up to all aspects of the Covid-19 crisis and balancing
between protection of its fundamental values on one hand and safeguarding
economic activities and assuring public health in the other hand. In Iranian law,
this difficulty is more evident because our existing competition law has no
solution to the problem and, accordingly, the current rules needs revision.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Competition law
  • Economic crisis
  • Covid-19 disease
  • Excessive pricing
 کتاب
.1غفاری فارسانی، بهنام، حقوق رقابت و ضمانت اجراهای مدنی آن، تهران: میزان، چاپ
.1393 ،اول
رساله
.2حقیقت جو، مهدی، »توسعه خارجی شرکتهای تجاری در چارچوب قواعد کنترلی حقوق رقابت
)مطالعه تطبیقی در حقوق ایالات متحده آمریکا، انگلستان و ایران(«، رساله دکتری رشته حقوق
خصوصی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، واحد علوم و تحقیقات.
منبع الکترونیک
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جزئیات جدید از ماسکهای احتکار شده در انبار دیجی کالا، مشرق نیوز، کد
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ماجرای باندهای فرکانسی 700و 800مگاهرتز چیست؟، فرارو، کد خبر :
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.6پارسا پور، آرش،
صدا و سیما: تبلیغ رایگان کسبوکارهای اینترنتی باعث سو شدن
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