داوری تخییری: مطالعه تطبیقی در نظام‎های حقوقی ملی

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسنده

استاد دانشکده حقوق دانشگاه تبریز

10.52547/jlr.2023.227962.2258

چکیده

داوری، به ویژه در حوزه تجارت بین‏الملل، مرسوم‎ترین و کارآمدترین شیوه حل و فصل اختلافات تلقی می‌شود. گسترش داوری به طور کلی و نقش کلیدی اصل حاکمیت اراده در فرآیند داوری سبب گردیده است تا ابعاد مختلفی از این شیوه حل اختلاف ابداع شود و انواع مختلف آن، با توجه به نیازهای حوزه‏های مختلف تجارت و یا در پرتو میزان نفوذ و قدرت چانه‎زنی هر یک از طرفین، ظهور یابد. یکی از قابل‎توجه‎ترین انواع داوری که همواره نیز محل مناقشه بوده و موافقان و مخالفان خود را دارد، «داوری تخییری» است. موافقت‎نامه‎های داوری تخییری متضمن حق انتخاب میان داوری و دادرسی برای هر دو طرف و یا تنها یکی از آنان می‏باشد. ماهیت، اعتبار و نفوذ چنین موافقت‎نامه‏هایی و نیز ابعاد مختلف این نوع داوری در هیچ یک از منابع اصلی به تفصیل و به شکل جامع مورد بررسی واقع نشده است. در ادبیات حقوقی ایران نیز این نوع داوری چندان مورد بحث قرار نگرفته و تمایز آن از سایر انواع داوری، به ویژه داوری اختیاری، به دقت تحلیل نشده است. از همین رو، در این مقاله تلاش شده است تا با بررسی ماهیت، اعتبار و انواع مختلف داوری تخییری، ابعاد ناشناخته آن تحلیل و به پرسش‎های بی‎پاسخ این نوع از داوری پاسخ داده شود.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Optional Arbitration: A Comparative Study under National Legal Systems

نویسنده [English]

  • ebrahim shoarian
Professor of Law, Tabriz University
چکیده [English]

Arbitration constitutes the most common and efficient mechanism for the resolution of international commercial disputes. The spread of arbitration in general and the vital role of party autonomy, in particular, have unveiled various aspects of this method of dispute resolution and thus have caused the emergence of different types of arbitration clauses for which the parties' differing negotiating powers and distinct needs of different economic sectors have played a critical role. One of these novel but controversial types of arbitration agreements is concerned with “optional agreements.” Optional arbitration agreements provide an option for one or both parties to adjudicate their disputes either by arbitration or litigation. The nature, validity, and various aspects of such agreements have not been thoroughly examined in the primary and secondary sources. The same is true in Iranian legal literature, especially when it comes to its distinction from other types of arbitration agreements, especially voluntary arbitration. Thus, this Article attempts to discuss the nature, validity, and various types of optional arbitration agreements to unfold their unknown aspects.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Symmetric Optional Arbitration
  • Asymmetric Optional Arbitration
  • Validity
  • Separation of Claims
  • Change of Competent Authority
  1. فهرست منابع

    (الف) منابع فارسی

    کتب

    1. خدابخشی، عبدالله، حقوق دعاوی: بایسته‏های حقوق داوری تطبیقی، جلد ششم، چاپ اول، تهران، شرکت سهامی انتشار، 1397.
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        https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3362746 : June 5, 2022

     

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