تحلیل کارکرد و کارآمدی قراردادهای رازداری در گستره مالکیت‌های فکری

نویسنده

دانشگاه شهید بهشتی

چکیده

ضرورت حفظ اسرار تجاری امری پوشیده نبوده و اهمیت آن هنگامی که اسرار مزبور واجد وصف خلاقانه باشند، مضاعف است. قرارداد رازداری تمهیدی کارا محسوب می‌شود که در مجاورت حمایت‌های قانونی که گاه مبهم یا ناکارآمد می‌نمایند، ابتکار عمل را به مبتکر می‌دهد تا به نحوی مؤثر نتایج تلاش‌های فکری خود را به موجب یک توافق در امنیت قرار دهد. این مقاله در پرتو موازین خاص مالکیت‌های فکری و از رهگذر تأمل در مقررات قانونی، آراء حقوق‌دانان و آخرین رهیافت‌های رویه قضایی، می‌کوشد تا ضمن تبیین دقیق مفهوم قرارداد رازداری، به تحلیل چگونگی عملکرد آن در عرصه دارایی‌های فکری پرداخته و نقش قابل توجهی که این دست توافقات در فراهم آوردن بستر همکاری برای بسط ایده‌های ابتکاری و شکل‌گیری روابط مبتنی بر اعتماد دارد را تحلیل کرده و نحوه مساعدت آن به تجاری‌سازی دارایی‌های فکری و دانش فنی را عیان سازد. همچنین این پژوهش نشان می‌دهد که علی‌رغم وجود مقررات حمایتگرانه قانونی عام و خاص در گستره مالکیت فکری، قرارداد رازداری به سبب برخورداری از قابلیت‌های ویژه، کارکردی منحصر به فرد داشته که آن را به جزء لاینفک تعاملات تجاری دارایی‌های فکری محرمانه مبدل نموده است.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

1

چکیده [English]

>The necessity of trade secrets protection has always been evident and becomes more apparent when confidential information has innovative nature. Confidentiality agreement as an efficient tool, contrary to the regulations which are sometimes ambiguous and deficient, gives the innovator a good chance in putting the result of intellectual efforts into a protective domain based on mutual agreement. Having regarded the characteristics of IPs, this paper with specific attention to statutes, lawyer's opinions and last jurisprudence's approaches, proceeds to clarify the notion of nondisclosure agreements and analyzes the functions of confidential agreement in IP framework and surveys its role in developing of innovative ideas by procuring cooperation ground based on secured relationships and uncovers its function in commercializing confidential IPs and know-how. In addition this research shows that in despite of the existence of related general laws & statutes, confidentiality agreement has specific character, potentials and functions which have made it as inseparable part of commercial transactions of confidential IPs.KeywordsConfidentiality agreement, Nondisclosure agreement, Trade secrets, Intellectual properties, Innovations, Know-how.

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