ارزیابی مشروعیت ساخت و کاربرد تونل‌‌های نظامی از منظر مبادی حقوقی حاکم بر مخاصمات مسلحانه

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 استاد تمام گروه حقوق عمومی دانشکده حقوق و علوم سیاسی دانشگاه تهران

2 دانش‌آموخته کارشناسی ارشد حقوق بین‌الملل دانشکده حقوق و علوم سیاسی دانشگاه تهران

10.29252/jlr.2022.223745.1997

چکیده

گروه‌ها و بازیگران مسلح غیردولتی همواره به منظور ایجاد موازنه در مواجهه با قدرت‌های متمول، متوسل به ابتکارات و نوآوری‌های متعدد شده‌اند. در این میان تونل‌های‌ نظامی از جمله ابداعات منحصربه‌فردی است که ضمن فرسایشی‌سازی جنگ و غیرقابل پیش‌بینی کردن آن، بر توانمندی نظامی طرفین توازن می‌بخشند و امکان فائق آمدن گروه‌های مسلح را به جهت توازن قوای بدست آمده دوچندان می‌گردانند. ساخت و به‌کارگیری تونل‌ نظامی در مخاصمات همواره در نزد کاربران به جهت کاربرد‌های متنوع آن جذاب باقی‌مانده است که و به یک راهکار متمایز و استیلا بخش در میادین بدل گشته است. لیکن تونل‌های نظامی تاکنون موضوع هیچ یک از قوانین حقوق مخاصمات مسلحانه قرار نگرفته‌اند و چگونگی وضعیت حقوقی آن سؤال‌برانگیز باقی مانده است. دل مشغولی اصلی نگارش تحقیق، یافتن چارچوب حقوقی مدون و قابل اعمال بر تونل‌های نظامی به وسیله تحلیل داده‌های اسنادی و توصیفی است تا جنبه‌های مبهم و مجهول این پدیده متجلی گردد. به نظر می‌رسد کاربرد تونل‌های نظامی در صحنه مبارزات، علی‌رغم چالش‌های حقوقی بسیار در مقایسه با سایر پدیده‌های نظامی، تابعی از اصول و مقررات کلی حقوق بین‌الملل بشردوستانه باشد که به عنوان سلاح یا روش جنگی واجد آثار حقوقی بعضاً متمایز است.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات


عنوان مقاله [English]

Assessing of construction and use of underground warfare with the legal principles of armed conflict

نویسندگان [English]

  • Seyyed Fazlollah Mousavi 1
  • amir lohrasbi 2
1 Professor, Public Law Department, Faculty of Law and Political Sciences, University of Tehran
2 MA. in International Law, Faculty of Law and Political Sciences, University of Tehran
چکیده [English]

Non-governmental armed groups have always resorted to various innovations in order to balance their forces. Tunnels warfare are unique innovations that increase their military capability and double their ability to defeat enemies. The construction of tunnels in wars has always been attractive to users for their various applications, which has become a winning strategy. Since the global powers' intelligence and military capabilities have been enhanced, underground tunnels have emerged as an impenetrable haven for non-governmental armed groups, balancing unequal military forces on both sides. Inside underground structures, soldiers and military personnel can conduct military operations without identification and with minimal exposure to enemy surveillance and intelligence systems. But tunnels have not yet been the subject of any armed conflict law, and the legal status of it remains questionable. The main task of the research is to find a legal framework on underground warfare to reveal the unknown aspects of this warfare. The use of tunnels, despite its many legal challenges, seems to be a function of the general principles of international humanitarian law, which have distinct legal effects as a weapon or method of warfare.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Armed conflict
  • International humanitarian law
  • method of warfare
  • Underground warfare
  • Weapon
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